ATI TEAS® Test Preparation

The gene linked to obesity in laboratory mice is known as ob and its genotypic expression can be denoted by a plus or minus sign. For example, ob+/+ would be a genotype for homozygous dominant (resulting in obesity) while ob+/- would be heterozygous. While body fat composition may be attributed to willpower, genetics also plays another role in fat metabolism with a hormone called leptin. An allele of dominant form allows for the body to metabolize fat “normally”. Note that leptin activity occurs largely in fat cells (adipocytes). The gene responsible for leptin is lep. Ash is a female mouse with the genotype ob+/-. Her fat metabolism is inhibited due to resistance from the leptin hormone itself, however, she shows to have a dominant genotype for the leptin gene. Olivia is another female mouse with ob-/- and lep+/+. Her physiological condition appears normal. Bailey is a male mouse with ob+/- and lep+/-, but has mutated germline cells such that offsprings from Bailey have a 25% lower chance of dominantly expressing the leptin gene. What are the chances of Ash and Olivia having a male offspring that is not obese and has normal fat metabolism?

The brain and erythrocytes are parts of the body that have one of the highest demands for glucose, a simple monosaccharide. While the brain strongly prefers glucose, it can, under only a few conditions use ketone bodies. Erythrocytes must use glucose. Ketosis is a carbohydrate-fasted state in which one consumes a diet mainly of fats and proteins (extremely minimal carbohydrates), also commonly known as the “keto” diet. Usually, food is consumed and the nutrients are taken up by the intestines (mainly the small intestine relative to carbohydrates). The carbohydrates are then transferred into the bloodstream where they are easily shuttled to every part of the body (that can do glycolysis), but mostly the liver and skeletal muscles. Glucose readily travels through the blood, but often enters target cells by help of a protein called insulin. They are stored in the form of glycogen. If the body does not consume carbohydrates after 2 hours, the glycogen stores being to shuttle out bits of glucose into the bloodstream so they can go wherever needed in the body. After ~10 hours, the liver depletes nearly all glycogen storage. In order to cope with this, the live begins to bring in and break down large fat molecules into smaller “fat pieces” called ketones. Ketones provide energy for cells by skipping glycolysis and jumping straight into the citric acid cycle. Ketones can be used nearly everywhere in the body except for erythrocytes. The purpose of ketones are so that the brain and erythrocytes can be spared what little glucose is left in the body. The condition of ketosis is one where the the blood pH lowers (becomes more acidic). Diabetics are people who do not respond well to insulin and in some cases do not produce insulin at all. The lowering of blood pH (acidosis) could be exceptionally dangerous in people who are diabetic, resulting in diabetic ketoacidosis, a potentially fatal condition. Suppose someone who was diabetic was practicing a “keto” diet (not recommended). How would their brain uptake any of the glucose in his bloodstream after 10 hours?

MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. An fMRI machine is a type of MRI that can take advantage of magnetic physics in biological systems by influencing the magnetic field of certain chemicals in the body. In order to be somewhat magnetically influenced by the fMRI machine, the chemicals in question must be paramagnetic (such that of deoxygenated hemoglobin) and not diamagnetic (such that of oxygenated hemoglobin). Note that hemoglobin is a part of an erythrocyte. In order to oxygenated hemoglobin, blood is sent to the lungs to pick up oxygen in gaseous from. Oxygen is in abundance in the lungs compared to the rest of the body. Suppose that relative to a combustion reaction, 10 moles of O2 (O2 with a coefficient of 10) is enough to oxygenate hemoglobin. If someone were to combust butane in the reaction below, would their tissues show any magnetic activity?

_C4H10 + _O2 → _CO2 + _H2O

Double stranded RNA is usually indicative of a viral infection in animal cells. In humans, only a virus can cause a strand of RNA to pair up and hydrogen bond with another strand of RNA. Suppose a patient comes into the ICU, hardly conscious and infected with the virus as described above. While the ICU attempts to treat the patient, a pathology lab is ordered to inspect a biopsy of the patient’s skin cells. The infectious diseases nurse looks at the stained version of the cell and notices…?

A scientist recently discovered a drug that separates two protein component molecules from each other in immunoglobulins by cutting the disulfide bond. Immunoglobulins are another name for antibodies. Antibodies are made by B cells, in large quantities by plasma B cells specifically. During an infection, antibodies bind to antigens and effectively mitigate pathology as much as possible. However, the immune system is not well understood sometimes; occasionally, people with autoimmune disorders arise. These disorders occur because the immune system mistakes healthy, normal cells for vicious, pathogenic cells. People with celiac disease suffer from autoimmunity. The idea is that when people eat gluten, the gluten protein binds to the small intestine as it is normally absorbed. However with people who suffer from celiac disease, the immune system recognizes the gluten-small intestine binding complex and attacks it, often with antibodies, but also with cell-mediated mechanisms as well. If the scientist wanted to test to see if his drug can ultimately prevent and/or minimize celiac disease, what best describes his independent and dependent variables respectively?

If you were driving from Vegas to LA and it took you 10 hours but on the return trip it only took 6 hours. You were driving 40 mph faster on the return trip. How fast were you going on the return trip?

Bike rental company A charges a fee of $100 plus $10 per hour to rent a bike. Bike rental company B charges $150 plus $5 per hour to rent a bike. When will the two companies be the same price per hour?

In the ground there are 12 brown, 24 green, 48 red and 96 black bugs. What is the probability that you will dig up a green or a black bug?

97, 100, 100, 105, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 100, 90, 100, 95

Choose the answer that best describes the temperatures for the month of July.

Jose felt confident when it came to cooking. He would often boast about his knife skills. One day, however, he did something preposterous by accidentally slicing his thumb open while chopping onions.

Which of the following words have a negative connotation?

The subterranean tunnels beneath the earth held a lot of mystery and danger for those who seek it. Grant and his crew were brave enough delvers to venture forth into the caves to learn what laid in those caves. Grant was a massive man with the face of a bear and arms like two tree trunks. His crew, on the other hand, were not weak, but they were scrawny, gaunt people compared to him. That all really didn’t matter in the end, though, because they were determined to find the mysteries of the subterranean deep. With their heavy gear and vast rations, they ventured deep into the caves with the last breath of fresh air.

What is the mood of the passage?

Lily always worked hard to understand programming as much as she could. She dreamed of being a wizard when it came to coding. After years of hard work in high school, she was accepted into a top university that specializes in computer engineering.

What is the mood of the passage?

On the day before her wedding, Lucy’s wedding planning fell upon her like a barrel of bricks. The bakery called with an obstacle and she lost contact with the florist. Everything seemed like to build a mountain of despair. However, even with those problems, Lucy still had the ecstatic day of her life because she stayed positive.

Which of the following words have a positive connotation?

Under the waters in the Carribean, sunken ships slept on beds of sand. Tod, a treasure hunter and diver, wanted to take the dangerous challenge of going through the ships to look for any caches that may have been left behind from ages past. These challenges offer little to no reward and high risk to life since ships were monstrous labyrinths that call to divers like sirens. However, Tod was confident in himself and his ability to swim like a fish. So, Tod set out to take his chances and submerge deep for his goals.

What literary device was used for “sunken ships slept on beds of sand”?

After chopping up the onions, Harold eyes were watering up.

What kind of sentence structure is this?

Hilda had a doctor’s appointment this Thursday.

What kind of sentence structure is this?

Gilbert went to the movies with Jenny and Abe, and he sat next to Jenny but not Abe in the movie theater.

Which of the following is the prepositional phrase from the sentence?

Before she could put her shoes on, Ashley had to grab her homework and lunch box before heading out.

What is the complete predicate in the sentence?

With all the preparation done, the music festival will finally open its doors for every music lover out there.

What is the indirect object of the sentence?